在 Angular 中實現 CAPTCHA 驗證碼功能#
先來看看完成後的效果:
關於 reCAPTCHA#
目前 reCAPTCHA 共有 v2、v3、Enterprise 三種版本。在此我們將採用 v2。使用 reCAPTCHA 需先申在 google 網站上申請 API Key,申請完成後會有二個 API Key,一個是被用來放在前端 App 中,另一個是使用在呼叫 Google API 取得驗證結果時要用的。申請網站在 https://www.google.com/recaptcha/admin,使用 Gmail 帳號登入,若從未申請過會跳到註冊新網站頁面:
- 識別這組 Key 用的標籤文字
- reCAPTCHA 類型 (使用 v2)
- 應用網域 (本機測試可加 localhost)
- 登入 Gmail 是預設擁有者,可加入其他管理者
- 接受服務條款
- 傳送通知給擁有者(發生問題或流量異常時發送通知)
使用 Gmail 帳號進行登入
輸入好資料後按下提交
完成後會産生二個 api key:
按下“複製網站金鑰”備用。(將放至 angular login component 中)
設置專案環境#
這個專案不會從頭從無到有紀錄每一個建置的步驟,而是採取套用 “使用 Angular 14 建立 Reactive Form 表單驗證範例” 這篇筆記所完成的程式碼來擴充 reCAPTCHA 功能。
複製即有專案#
首先 git clone 即有的 Angular 專案
$ git clone https://github.com/calvinegs/angular14-auth-jwt.git angular-recaptcha
$ cd angular-recaptcha
安裝 ngx-captcha 套件#
由於我們的 angular 專案是 v14,所以安裝 ngx-captcha 時請指定 v12 版本。
$ npm i ngx-captcha@12.0.2
在 App.module.ts 中匯入 NgxCaptchaModule#
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import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms'
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { LoginComponent } from './pages/login/login.component';
import { RegisterComponent } from './pages/register/register.component';
import { HomeComponent } from './pages/home/home.component';
import { ProfileComponent } from './pages/profile/profile.component';
import { BoardAdminComponent } from './pages/board-admin/board-admin.component';
import { BoardModeratorComponent } from './pages/board-moderator/board-moderator.component';
import { BoardUserComponent } from './pages/board-user/board-user.component';
import { authInterceptorProviders } from './shared/interceptor/auth.interceptor';
import { NgxCaptchaModule } from 'ngx-captcha';
@NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent,
LoginComponent,
RegisterComponent,
HomeComponent,
ProfileComponent,
BoardAdminComponent,
BoardModeratorComponent,
BoardUserComponent
],
imports: [
BrowserModule,
AppRoutingModule,
ReactiveFormsModule,
HttpClientModule,
NgxCaptchaModule
],
providers: [authInterceptorProviders],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
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將前述取得的 api key 寫入到 appSettings 中#
appSettings.ts
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export const AppSettings = {
API_URL : 'http://localhost:5000/api/',
recaptcha: {
siteKey: '6LeE4BwlAAAAADWMaRf8C8o8R91PYaoGfO3YQ2_f',
},
}
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在 login component class 中加入相關程式#
先在程式中(app.component.ts) 取得 AppSettings 中的 api key :
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siteKey: string = AppSettings.recaptcha.siteKey;
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在原有的 login component 中登錄功能的表單僅有“user name“ 及 “password” 二個欄位,新加入 “recaptcha” 這個欄位。
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this.form = this.formBuilder.group(
{
username: ['',[Validators.required]],
password: ['',[Validators.required]],
recaptcha: ['',[Validators.required]]
}
)
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在 login component view template 中加入 recaptcha 欄位#
在 login.component.html 中加入新欄位的設定程式
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<div class="mb-4">
<ngx-recaptcha2 #captchaElem
[siteKey]="this.siteKey" formControlName="recaptcha"
[ngClass]="{ 'is-invalid': submitted && f['recaptcha'].errors,
'is-valid': submitted && !f['recaptcha'].errors }"
>
</ngx-recaptcha2>
<div *ngIf="submitted && f['recaptcha'].errors" class="invalid-feedback">
<div *ngIf="f['recaptcha'].errors['required']">請勾選</div>
</div>
</div>
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完整的 login.component.html 程式如下:
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<div class="container-fluid register-form">
<form
*ngIf="!isLoggedIn"
needs-validation [formGroup]="form" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit()">
<div class="note">
<h1> 使用者登入 </h1>
</div>
<div class="mb-4">
<label for="username" class="form-label">Username</label>
<input type="text" autofocus formControlName="username" id="username" class="form-control"
[ngClass]="{ 'is-invalid': submitted && f['username'].errors,
'is-valid': submitted && !f['username'].errors }"
/>
<div *ngIf="submitted && f['username'].errors" class="invalid-feedback">
<div *ngIf="f['username'].errors['required']">Username 為必填</div>
</div>
<div class="valid-feedback">
填寫正確
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-4">
<label for="password" class="form-label">Password</label>
<input type="password" formControlName="password" id="password" class="form-control"
[ngClass]="{ 'is-invalid': submitted && f['password'].errors,
'is-valid': submitted && !f['password'].errors }"
/>
<div *ngIf="submitted && f['password'].errors" class="invalid-feedback">
<div *ngIf="f['password'].errors['required']">Password 為必填</div>
</div>
<div class="valid-feedback">
填寫正確
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-4">
<ngx-recaptcha2 #captchaElem
[siteKey]="this.siteKey"
formControlName="recaptcha"
[ngClass]="{ 'is-invalid': submitted && f['recaptcha'].errors,
'is-valid': submitted && !f['recaptcha'].errors }"
>
</ngx-recaptcha2>
<div *ngIf="submitted && f['recaptcha'].errors" class="invalid-feedback">
<div *ngIf="f['recaptcha'].errors['required']">請勾選</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">送出</button>
<button type="button" (click)="onReset()"
class="btn btn-warning float-end">
重置
</button>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" *ngIf="isLoginFailed">
Signin failed!<br />{{ errorMessage }}
</div>
</form>
<div class="alert alert-success" *ngIf="isLoggedIn">
登入者具備的角色 {{ roles }}.
</div>
</div>
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完整的 login.component.ts 程式如下:
除前述的相關功能外,還額外在“重置”按鈕中加入了 reloadCaptcha 的功能, 來重置 reloadCaptcha 選項勾選的狀態。
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import { Component, OnInit, ViewChild } from '@angular/core';
import { AbstractControl, FormBuilder, FormControl, FormGroup, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
import { ReCaptcha2Component } from 'ngx-captcha';
import { AppSettings } from 'src/app/shared/helpers/appSettings';
import { AuthService } from 'src/app/shared/services/auth.service';
import { TokenStorageService } from 'src/app/shared/services/token-storage.service';
@Component({
selector: 'app-login',
templateUrl: './login.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./login.component.scss']
})
export class LoginComponent implements OnInit {
@ViewChild('captchaElem') captchaElem: ReCaptcha2Component | undefined;
form: FormGroup = new FormGroup({
username: new FormControl(''),
password: new FormControl(''),
recaptcha: new FormControl('')
});
siteKey: string = AppSettings.recaptcha.siteKey;
isLoggedIn = false;
isLoginFailed = false;
submitted = false;
errorMessage = '';
roles: string[] = [];
constructor(private formBuilder: FormBuilder,
private authService: AuthService,
private tokenStorage: TokenStorageService) { }
ngOnInit(): void {
if (this.tokenStorage.getToken()) {
this.isLoggedIn = true;
this.roles = this.tokenStorage.getUser().roles;
}
this.form = this.formBuilder.group(
{
username: ['',[Validators.required]],
password: ['',[Validators.required]],
recaptcha: ['',[Validators.required]]
}
)
}
get f(): { [key: string]: AbstractControl } {
return this.form.controls;
}
onSubmit(): void {
this.submitted = true;
if (this.form.invalid) {
return;
}
const { username, password } = this.form.getRawValue();
this.authService.login(username, password).subscribe({
next: data => {
this.tokenStorage.saveToken(data.accessToken);
this.tokenStorage.saveUser(data);
this.isLoggedIn = true;
this.roles = this.tokenStorage.getUser().roles;
this.roloadPage();
},
error: err => {
this.errorMessage = err.error.message;
this.isLoginFailed = true;
}
})
}
roloadPage(): void {
this.submitted = false;
location.reload();
}
onReset(): void {
this.submitted = false;
this.isLoginFailed = false;
this.form.reset();
this.captchaElem?.reloadCaptcha();
}
}
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測試結果#
按下“送出”時,所有必填欄位皆會檢核是否正確填妥資料。
正常的登入流程,使用者僅須輸入“user name”、“password” 及 “勾選” “我不是機器人”選項即可送出
當系統判斷出有可疑登入時便自動切人工輸入的方式來進行驗證